Here's a basic overview on how the blower motor controls work.
The three lowest speeds are controlled by a set of resistors. When you turn the knob on your HVAC panel (Low, Medium 1, Medium 2), a 12 volt signal is sent through a set of resistors (this is the same set that can cause cabin fires if not cleaned regularly), and depending on where the signal enters the resistor coils, a different voltage output is sent to the blower fan. The lowest setting sends voltage to the very beginning of the resistors, so the voltage is tapered the most, and the fan motor see's the lowest voltage and therefor spins the slowest. The medium settings connect to their appropriate points on the resistor circuit and output the correct voltage for the fan to spin at the different speeds. The 4th and highest setting, trips a relay which sends a full 12volt signal to the blower motor, and the fan spins the fastest.
Schematics:
It sounds like the relay has popped. It's located in the middle of the front compartment.